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![]() ![]() The external nose is only a small part of the nasal air passageway, the major portion of which lies directly behind the nose and includes three scroll-shaped turbinate bones, also called the nasal conchae. Air passing through the nose is filtered, heated to body temperature, and humidified. Inhaled air enters the body through the nose or mouth. These functions are all discussed in this chapter. ![]() Indeed, the visual hallmark of an anesthetist is frequently a stethoscope earpiece pinned to the scrub top a device that places each patient breath at the forefront of the anesthetist’s consciousness.īesides the basic functions of the respiratory system, which include extracting oxygen (O 2) from the atmosphere and delivering it to the blood while excreting carbon dioxide (CO 2), the respiratory system functions in the processes of maintaining acid-base balance, phonation, pulmonary defense, and metabolism (synthesis and breakdown of bioactive materials). This is not surprising considering that they administer oxygen to the majority of patients, administer inhaled anesthetics down a cascade of concentration gradients through the lungs, provide artificial ventilation for many patients under general anesthesia, and monitor and interpret blood gas analysis, capnography, and oximetry. Anesthetists are known as the airway experts, but they are also expected to possess an excellent command of the entire respiratory system. ![]() Knowledge of the respiratory system is essential to the practice of anesthesia. ![]()
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